Useful Japanese Verbs

Useful Japanese Verbs There are two kinds of verbs in Japanese, (1) the be-verbs, da or desu, and (2) common verbs ending with the ~ u sound. As for the be-verbs (is, are, am), da is used for the informal present tense and desu is for the formal present tense. There is no grammatical subject-verb agreement in Japanese. Da is used for the present tense of the to be-verb (is, are, am) regardless of the person and number of the subject. For example, it is used in all of the following three situations like, I am a student (Watashi wa gakusei da), He is a student (Kare wa gakusei da) and We are students (Watashitachi wa gakusei da). Beside the be-verbs, all other verbs in Japanese end with the vowel ~ u. Japanese verbs conjugate according to the suffixes that is attached to the verb stem. Verb endings are changed to indicate past tense, negation, passive and causative mood. The rules for conjugation in Japanese verbs are simpler compared to some languages, such as English or French. The conjugation patterns are not affected by gender, a person (such as the first, second, and third person), or the number (singular and plural). Here is a list of the basic Japanese verbs and their pronunciation. I focus on the non-past tense in my list. It is the plain form that is used in informal situations. It is also the form listed in dictionaries. It is equivalent to both future and past tense in English. (there) is; be; havearu㠁‚ã‚‹ be (for living things)iru㠁„ã‚‹ do; makesuru㠁™ã‚‹ do; performokonauè ¡Å'㠁† make; manufacturetsukuruä ½Å"ã‚‹ be possible; ready; good atdekiru㠁 §Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹ beginhajimaruÃ¥ §â€¹Ã£  ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ raise​okosuè µ ·Ã£ â€œÃ£ â„¢ continuetsuzukuç ¶Å¡Ã£   repeatkurikaesuç ¹ °Ã£â€šÅ Ã¨ ¿â€Ã£ â„¢ stoptomaruæ ­ ¢Ã£  ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ give upyameruã‚„ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€¹ omithabukuçÅ" Ã£   finishowaruç µâ€šÃ£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ endsumuæ ¸Ë†Ã£â€šâ‚¬ advance; progresssusumué€ ²Ã£â€šâ‚¬ be late​okurerué â€¦Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ increasefueruÃ¥ ¢â€"㠁ˆã‚‹ decreaseheruæ ¸â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ be left over; have spareamaruä ½â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ remainnokoruæ ®â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ sufficetariruè ¶ ³Ã£â€šÅ Ã£â€šâ€¹ lack; be short ofkakeruæ ¬  Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ crosskosuè ¶Å Ã£ â„¢ goikuè ¡Å'㠁  comekuruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹ go outderuå‡ ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ enterhairuå… ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹ take outdasuå‡ ºÃ£ â„¢ put inireruå… ¥Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ return; come backkaeruÃ¥ ¸ °Ã£â€šâ€¹ asktazuneru㠁Ÿã Å¡Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€¹ answerkotaeruç ­â€Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ mentionnoberuè ¿ °Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ make noisesawagué ¨â€™Ã£   shinehikaru光る stand outmedatsuç› ®Ã§ «â€¹Ã£  ¤ appeararawareruç  ¾Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ openakeruéâ€"‹ã â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ closeshimeruéâ€"‰ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€¹ giveageru㠁‚㠁’ã‚‹ receivemorauもら㠁† taketoruÃ¥ â€"ã‚‹ catch​tsukamaeruæ â€¢Ã£  ¾Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ geteruÃ¥ ¾â€"ã‚‹ loseushinauÃ¥ ¤ ±Ã£ â€  look forsagasuæŽ ¢Ã£ â„¢ findmitsukeruè ¦â€¹Ã£  ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ pick uphirouæ‹ ¾Ã£ â€  throw awaysuteruæ  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹ dropochiruè  ½Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€¹ usetsukauä ½ ¿Ã£ â€  handle, treatatsukauæ‰ ±Ã£ â€  carryhakobué â€¹Ã£  ¶ hand overwatasuæ ¸ ¡Ã£ â„¢ deliverkubarué… Ã£â€šâ€¹ returnkaesuè ¿â€Ã£ â„¢ approachyoruÃ¥ ¯â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹ crosswataruæ ¸ ¡Ã£â€šâ€¹ passtooru通る hurryisoguæ€ ¥Ã£   run awaynigerué€Æ'㠁’ã‚‹ chaseouè ¿ ½Ã£ â€  hidekakureruéš  Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ lose ones waymayouè ¿ ·Ã£ â€  waitmatsuÃ¥ ¾â€¦Ã£  ¤ moveutsuruç § »Ã£â€šâ€¹ turn; facemukuÃ¥ â€˜Ã£   riseagaruä ¸Å Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ go downsagaruä ¸â€¹Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ incline; leankatamukuå‚ ¾Ã£   shake; swayyureruæ  ºÃ£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ fall downtaoreru倒ã‚Å'ã‚‹ hitataruÃ¥ ½â€œÃ£ Å¸Ã£â€šâ€¹ collidebutsukaru㠁 ¶Ã£  ¤Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ separate from; leavehanarerué› ¢Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ meetauä ¼Å¡Ã£ â€  run into; meet by chancedeauå‡ ºÃ¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ â€  welcomemukaeruè ¿Å½Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ send offmiokuruè ¦â€¹Ã©â‚¬ Ã£â€šâ€¹ take with; accompanytsureteikué€ £Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¦Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁  call; send foryobuå‘ ¼Ã£  ¶ pay; supply; put backosameruç ´ Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ put; leaveokuç ½ ®Ã£   line up; queuenarabuä ¸ ¦Ã£  ¶ settle; tidy upmatomeru㠁 ¾Ã£  ¨Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ collectatsumaru集㠁 ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ dividewakeru分㠁‘ã‚‹ dispersechiruæ• £Ã£â€šâ€¹ be disorderedmidareruä ¹ ±Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ be rough; stormyareruè â€™Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ extendhirogaruÃ¥ ºÆ'㠁Å'ã‚‹ spreadhiromaruÃ¥ ºÆ'㠁 ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ swell; inflatefukuramu㠁 µÃ£  Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šâ‚¬ attach; turn ontsukuä »ËœÃ£   go out; put out; erasekieruæ ¶Ë†Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ pile up; loadtsumuç © Ã£â€šâ‚¬ pile upkasanerué‡ Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€¹ press down; suppressosaeruæŠ ¼Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ place (thing) betweenhasamu㠁 ¯Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ‚¬ stick; paste onharuè ² ¼Ã£â€šâ€¹ put togetherawaseruÃ¥ Ë†Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ bendmagaruæ› ²Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ break; snaporu折る be torn; tearyabureruç   ´Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ break; destroykowareruÃ¥ £Å Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ get well; correctnaoruç› ´Ã£â€šâ€¹ tiemusubuç µ Ã£  ¶ bind; tieshibaruç ¸â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ wind; coilmakuÃ¥ · »Ã£   surroundkakomuå› ²Ã£â€šâ‚¬ turn; rotatemawaru回る hangkakeru掛㠁‘ã‚‹ decoratekazarué £ ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ take out; outstripnukuæŠÅ"㠁  be disconnected; come offhazureru㠁 ¯Ã£ Å¡Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ become slack; loosenyurumuゆるむ leakmoreruã‚‚ã‚Å'ã‚‹ dryhosuÃ¥ ¹ ²Ã£ â„¢ be soakedhitasuæ µ ¸Ã£ â„¢ mixmajiruæ · ·Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¹ extend; stretchnobiruä ¼ ¸Ã£  ³Ã£â€šâ€¹ shrink; shortenchijimuç ¸ ®Ã£â€šâ‚¬ include; containfukumuÃ¥  «Ã£â€šâ‚¬ want; neediru㠁„ã‚‹ ask for; wantmotomeruæ ±â€šÃ£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ show; indicateshimesuç ¤ ºÃ£ â„¢ examine; investigateshiraberuè ª ¿Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ make suretashikameruç ¢ ºÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ recognize; approvemitomeruè ª Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹

Free Essays on Public Relations History

According to our text, â€Å"Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice†(1997) , Public Relations is defined as â€Å"the leadership and management functions that help achieve organizational objectives, define philosophy, and facilitate organizational change†¦Public relations practitioners develop, execute, and evaluate organizational programs that promote the exchange of influence and understanding among the organization’s constituent parts and publics.† (p.5). Even though this is a current definition of the Profession, there have been many individuals that have practiced this profession since the early 1900’s. Edward L. Bernays is considered by many to be the â€Å"father of public relations†. The nephew of Sigmund Freud, Bernays began his career in public relations in 1915; he was assigned the task of promoting the Ballet Russes American tour. Even though he was not interested in the project, Bernays used his insight and skills to promote the â€Å"Ballet Russes† to the American public. He succeeded in changing the impression that the public had of this art form by explaining the concept and making it easier for audiences to understand and enjoy the ballet. He used local and international magazines and newspapers to promote the ballet and then used commercial retailers to create products that consumers would relate to the events. He succeeded in making the ballet one of the most sought after events of that time period. (prmuseum.com/bernays/bernays_1915.html) In addition to this project, Bernays was also credited with molding the images of many different individuals, businesses and government programs. During his long career, Bernays was involved in several different projects including the NAACP Conference in Atlanta in 1920 to promote civil rights for the African-American population, the Torches of Freedom Campaign in 1929 to promote the right of women to smoke in public (prmuseum.com/bernays/b... Free Essays on Public Relations History Free Essays on Public Relations History According to our text, â€Å"Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice†(1997) , Public Relations is defined as â€Å"the leadership and management functions that help achieve organizational objectives, define philosophy, and facilitate organizational change†¦Public relations practitioners develop, execute, and evaluate organizational programs that promote the exchange of influence and understanding among the organization’s constituent parts and publics.† (p.5). Even though this is a current definition of the Profession, there have been many individuals that have practiced this profession since the early 1900’s. Edward L. Bernays is considered by many to be the â€Å"father of public relations†. The nephew of Sigmund Freud, Bernays began his career in public relations in 1915; he was assigned the task of promoting the Ballet Russes American tour. Even though he was not interested in the project, Bernays used his insight and skills to promote the â€Å"Ballet Russes† to the American public. He succeeded in changing the impression that the public had of this art form by explaining the concept and making it easier for audiences to understand and enjoy the ballet. He used local and international magazines and newspapers to promote the ballet and then used commercial retailers to create products that consumers would relate to the events. He succeeded in making the ballet one of the most sought after events of that time period. (prmuseum.com/bernays/bernays_1915.html) In addition to this project, Bernays was also credited with molding the images of many different individuals, businesses and government programs. During his long career, Bernays was involved in several different projects including the NAACP Conference in Atlanta in 1920 to promote civil rights for the African-American population, the Torches of Freedom Campaign in 1929 to promote the right of women to smoke in public (prmuseum.com/bernays/b...

Summit vs. State Supreme Court of Nevada (1985) Essay

Summit vs. State Supreme Court of Nevada (1985) - Essay Example This testimony was offered by the appellant by stating that the victim had previous knowledge of similar acts that formed a foundation for the current case. Summitt was convicted by the grand jury, and the current case is an appeal on grounds of the rape shield law under FRE 412. Issue The issue before the court in the current case is whether the rape shield law allowed the admission of prior sexual experience of the victim as evidence in the case. The court had to determine whether Summitt could introduce the prior sexual experience of his victim as a basis for his defense in the appeal of his conviction. Rule The rule in this case is defined by the Nevada Revised Statute Section 50.090.1, which limits the inquiry into the sexual history of a victim in a rape or sexual assault case. This rule reversed the common law statute of rape cases, where the morality of the victim could have led the assailant to infer consent for sexual acts. Analysis The rape shield law was designed to preve nt the introduction of irrelevant evidence in sexual assault cases, evidence that had the potential to prejudice a jury against a victim in the case. The evidence that is usually barred includes opinions or apparent previous reputations of the victim and prior sexual experience. In the case of Summitt v. The State Supreme Court of Nevada, the rape shield law was used to prevent the appellant from introducing a previous sexual assault on the victim as basis for defense. The appellant tried to claim that since the victim had been subjected to the same assault previously, the victim had prior independent knowledge of the present case. According to common law, a defendant has the right to present witnesses in a case, cross examine them and introduce any history that pertains to the case. But in the case of sexual assault, this history might have no bearing on the case and just prejudice the jury. Therefore, the rape shield law is used to shield the victim from unfair testimony. In this case, the defendant tried to prove that the prior sexual experience of the child could have been used to formulate the evidence in the current case, indicating that the rape shield law should not have been applied. In dissenting, Steffen, a judge, stated that the previous sexual experience of the victim could have been used to make up statements in the current case, and that the lesser court was wrong in excluding reference to the previous assault. Conclusion The decision in the case to reverse the prior ruling and remand the case for a new trial was based on the error by the district court in not admitting the prior sexual experience of the victim in the case. This means that the rape shield law can sometimes act unfavorably for the defendant, since the victim could have prior knowledge that might have bearing in the current case. Discussion The rule in this case impacts different rape and sexual cases. From the decision, it is seen that the rape shield law can be circumvented by a jury if it is evident that the defendant needs the prior sexual experience of the victim in his case. Question 2 Facts Martin Weil unexpectedly passed away, and on investigation, his doctors could not explain the cause of death or the cause of several medical complications that he experienced before his death. One

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Philosophy - Essay Example Stoicism was founded by three early thinkers – Zeno of Citium in Cyprus (344-262 BC), Cleanthes (d. 232 BC) and Chrysippus (d. ca. 206 BC). â€Å"Chrysippus was particularly prolific, composing over 165 works, but we have only fragments of his works. The only complete works by Stoic philosophers that we possess are those by writers of Imperial times, Seneca (4 BC-65 AD), Epictetus (c. 55-135) and the Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-180) and these works are principally focused on ethics† (Baltzly, 2004). On the surface, Stoicism emphasized the idea that the true sage, in his zealous pursuit of wisdom, would find all the happiness he could want in his knowledge and subsequent inner tranquility. The ultimate source of this tranquility is achieved through the fire of the soul as it becomes connected with the fire of God, who permeates everything. Because they felt that the laws of nature were absolute and that the essential nature of humans was reason, they felt people could d o no other than ‘live according to nature.’ The Epicureans, on the other hand, felt that the greatest goal in life was to experience pleasure. Founded on the ideas of Epicurus (340-270 BC), Epicureanism centers on the idea that pleasure in moderate amounts as well as an absence of bodily pain was necessary for one to gain a state of tranquility and freedom from fear. This was obtained through the obtaining of knowledge, friendship and by living a virtuous and temperate life. The key to how this philosophy differed from other forms of pleasure-seeking philosophies was in the term ‘moderation.’ Although it was all right to have sex, to become involved in an all-consuming passionate affair or to have sex too often could easily throw one out of balance, making it preferable to simply abstain. In addition, this philosophy was firmly grounded upon scientific, rather than divine, principles presuming that an understanding of the world around us, and a physical understanding of

Email communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Email communication - Term Paper Example Organizations use Email communication for the immediate delivery of information (Calvert 3). Email information is sent and received almost instantly to someone thousand miles away or in the next door. Using Emails helps organizations streamline their external and internal communication networks. It contributes to faster and easier transmission and dissemination of information (Storm 3). Moreover, it also allows for instant and real-time business status updates that are essential for any business to grow and compete effectively. The continuous flow of relevant information through Email communication makes the organizational staffs more efficient and productive as they can respond to any arising issues (Storm 3). Email communication is one of the best methods businesses adopt as a record keeping strategy (Calvert 4). Email messages during communication remain in the inbox for many years unless one deliberately deletes. Similarly, one can filter the inbox messages in relation to dates sent, sender, subject among others within the shortest time possible. It offers virtual record keeping making many organizations adopt it as opposed to traditional methods characterized by papers and other printed documents filed and stored in drawers. Additionally, Email record keeping makes it easy when sharing information with another party since it only requires one to click and forward it to the intended party. Because of this, Email communication brings efficiency in business since it offers many services with just one message. Organizations are using Email communication to save on the cost (Storm 7). Emails are one of the cheapest means of communication an organization can use, internally and externally. Small businesses use the free sign up email providers such as Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail among others, to enhance their internal and external communications with customers (Storm 7). Moreover, they

Cultural Competence in Mental Health Treatment Essay Example for Free

Cultural Competence in Mental Health Treatment Essay Trimble’s chapter on â€Å"Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Competence† brings a number of questions to mind, the most important of which seems to be the following: ‘Are psychologists expected to know about all cultures or ethnicities in the United States today? ’ Multicultural course content is expected to enhance students’ understanding of different cultures before they enter the workplace. All the same, it is virtually impossible for a psychologist to learn about all cultures that he or she would be interacting with in the course of his or her career. I would love to believe that the stages of cultural competence development end with â€Å"cultural blindness (Trimble). † Nevertheless, I realize the importance of understanding all possible cultures that I would be interacting with during the course of my career as a psychologist. I must reach the stage of â€Å"cultural proficiency (Trimble). † As a matter of fact, I had a vague understanding of this goal even before I had read Trimble’s chapter on cultural competency. For this reason I had begun to read and watch movies about foreign cultures several years back. Needless to say, it amazes me that people from foreign cultures hold beliefs that are sometimes very different from my own. Moreover, it strengthens my belief that psychologists must understand the different cultures that they interact with. In my opinion, empathy – on the part of the psychologist – is the foremost requirement in a therapeutic relationship. At the same time, however, it is clear to me that psychologists who understand different cultures would be especially empathetic to people who represent those cultures. As an example, Latino psychologists may be especially empathetic toward their Latino clients. Furthermore, the job description of a psychologist cannot admit discrimination, racism, or prejudices. After all, mental health is a requirement of all people. Yet another challenge posed by diversity is that of different moral codes that have been adopted by different cultures and/or races. While multicultural course content could go a long way in helping the psychologist meet the challenges of diversity, it is crucial for psychologists who are introduced to new cultures for the first time to interview their clients on the basis of their cultural beliefs in the first instance. I state this with confidence based on experience, as I have had the opportunity to interview an individual whose belief system I could never have comprehended if I had not asked her questions relevant to her culture. It was important to ask questions relevant to her culture because it was possible for me to consider that her thought patterns needed serious reordering if I was not aware that her thought patterns actually stemmed from different cultural beliefs altogether. Hence, it was vital to frame the interview questions such that the interviewee would be allowed to explain her cultural beliefs while describing her problem. A Case Study The following is an excerpt from an interview report to shed more light on the importance of cultural competence in the psychologist’s career. Mrs. A (2007) is a 69 year old Pakistani lady settled with her son’s family in the United States. She has been a green card holder for the past six years. During an interview, she reported having had â€Å"no problem whatsoever† with the American health care system. After all, both her son and daughter-in-law are doctors. Mrs. A suffers severe depression from time to time. In her opinion, it is â€Å"genetic. † From the time she entered the United States, her family has helped her cope with the illness by ensuring that she had access to the doctors whenever required, in addition to medication. According to the senior immigrant, the attitude that her family has shown toward her illness in â€Å"a foreign land† is, indeed, praiseworthy. â€Å"This is how families from my part of the world are meant to behave,† she adds. She further believes that it is her family alone that she can rely on in the foreign land. In the Indo-Pak culture, an individual must be protected and provided for by his or her family. Women must be cared for by their husbands and sons. â€Å"Single women have no place in our culture,† Mrs. A reported. Individualism is replaced by collectivism, as Mrs. A would like her family to look after her interests at all times. In exchange for the time and energy that she has invested in her family thus far, Mrs. A expects help from her family in times of need. She worries, however, that her family would not be able to meet her needs all of the time. As a matter of fact, the possibility that her family might one day find itself impotent in terms of helping her out is a cause of anxiety for the lady. The intense level of anxiety felt by Mrs. A often translates into severe depression. Even though Mrs. A has a large number of friends across the United States, she believes that it is shameful to depend upon friends in stead of family. This belief is also culture-ingrained, seeing that the Americans do not believe that it is embarrassing to ask friends for help. Mrs. A visits her friends quite often, and they visit her too. All the same, they cannot root out the anxiety that lurks in the back of her mind – that, in fact, it is possible for her to be left without family to take care of her needs, whether they are financial or health care needs. The anxiety is intensified by Mrs. A’s concern that the American value system might abruptly change the Muslim-ingrained values of her son and daughter-in-law. Also according to her, it is widely believed in her own part of the world that the American children have no respect for their elders. â€Å"Parents are sent over to nursing homes; and we would never do that† – she stated. Conclusion As the excerpt from Mrs. A’s interview report suggests, it is essential for psychologists to learn about their clients’ thought patterns and belief systems through interviews with questions that are especially framed to shed light on the clients’ thought patterns and belief systems in relation to their cultures. No doubt, â€Å"cultural proficiency† is essential in the psychologist’s career (Trimble). For this reason, the psychologist must conduct research to find out about all cultures that he or she may be interacting with. Even so, the value of the first interview cannot be discounted in terms of learning about the client’s culture. References Mrs. A. (2007). Personal Interview. Trimble, J. E. Chapter 3: Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Competence.

Benjamin Franklin :: essays research papers

Benjamin Franklin: New World Physicist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts. He was one of seventeen other brothers and sisters. His father, Josiah Franklin, who emigrated from Oxfordshire, England, worked as a soap boiler and tallow chandler. Benjamin’s mother, Abiah Folger, was from Nantucket but her family derived from England as well. Benjamin Franklin’s entire life, which lasted almost the entire eighteenth century, was based upon order and systematic discipline in addition to his dependence on wisdom and intelligence. Franklin was sincere, honest, and was apt to self-examination. He acquired long lasting friends from persons of every age. Franklin found unquestionable delight in living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benjamin Franklin started attending school at the age of 8 and was at the head of his class by the end of his first year. After only attending his first school for one year he moved on to math and arithmetic school. He failed out of that school by the time he was 10. He then quit school completely in order to assist his father in the soap and candle making business. At age 12 he moved on to be an apprentice to his older brother James, who was a printer. Soon Franklin had ambitions to write and by age 16 he had written a series of letters by an imaginary author. The letters were printed in the New England Courant, which was published by his brother. Still pursuing his writing career, he ran away to Philadelphia and continued working in the printing business. He arrived in 1725 with one Dutch dollar and one copper shilling. By 1729, he had bought and published The Pennsylvania Gazette. He then married his landlady’s daughter, Deborah Reed. In the next seventeen years Franklin had three children, published the first Poor Richards Almanac, and invented the Pennsylvania fireplace, among many other things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1747, Franklin began his electrical experiments and then retired from the printing trade. His book, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, was published soon after that. The Stamp Act was passed in 1765 and Franklin wrote anonymously in London newspapers against the act, which was repealed the next year. In 1771, he wrote the first part of his autobiography, three years before his wife died. In 1776, Franklin, along with Adams, Livingston, Jefferson and Sherman, drafted the Declaration of Independence. It was adopted on July 4, 1776. Later in 1776, Franklin was elected as the Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention and appointed one of the three commissioners to the French Court. Benjamin Franklin :: essays research papers Benjamin Franklin: New World Physicist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts. He was one of seventeen other brothers and sisters. His father, Josiah Franklin, who emigrated from Oxfordshire, England, worked as a soap boiler and tallow chandler. Benjamin’s mother, Abiah Folger, was from Nantucket but her family derived from England as well. Benjamin Franklin’s entire life, which lasted almost the entire eighteenth century, was based upon order and systematic discipline in addition to his dependence on wisdom and intelligence. Franklin was sincere, honest, and was apt to self-examination. He acquired long lasting friends from persons of every age. Franklin found unquestionable delight in living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benjamin Franklin started attending school at the age of 8 and was at the head of his class by the end of his first year. After only attending his first school for one year he moved on to math and arithmetic school. He failed out of that school by the time he was 10. He then quit school completely in order to assist his father in the soap and candle making business. At age 12 he moved on to be an apprentice to his older brother James, who was a printer. Soon Franklin had ambitions to write and by age 16 he had written a series of letters by an imaginary author. The letters were printed in the New England Courant, which was published by his brother. Still pursuing his writing career, he ran away to Philadelphia and continued working in the printing business. He arrived in 1725 with one Dutch dollar and one copper shilling. By 1729, he had bought and published The Pennsylvania Gazette. He then married his landlady’s daughter, Deborah Reed. In the next seventeen years Franklin had three children, published the first Poor Richards Almanac, and invented the Pennsylvania fireplace, among many other things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1747, Franklin began his electrical experiments and then retired from the printing trade. His book, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, was published soon after that. The Stamp Act was passed in 1765 and Franklin wrote anonymously in London newspapers against the act, which was repealed the next year. In 1771, he wrote the first part of his autobiography, three years before his wife died. In 1776, Franklin, along with Adams, Livingston, Jefferson and Sherman, drafted the Declaration of Independence. It was adopted on July 4, 1776. Later in 1776, Franklin was elected as the Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention and appointed one of the three commissioners to the French Court.